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Europe wants to make space food out of thin air and astronaut pee | Space Skip to main content Don't miss these Science Microbes essential for human health can survive the stress of spaceflight. That's great news for astronauts Human Spaceflight Was it cooked in space? A space food-themed quiz! Space Exploration Space exploration in the backyard, on a budget – how NASA simulates conditions in space without blasting off International Space Station ISS astronauts serve up space sushi | Space photo of the day for Sept. 2, 2025 International Space Station Water recycling is paramount for space stations and long-duration missions − an environmental engineer explains how the ISS does it Mars 'Artificial super astronauts': How AI and robotics could help humanity settle Mars Human Spaceflight How magnets could help astronauts explore the moon and Mars International Space Station Making babies beyond Earth? 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Human stem cells age more rapidly in space, study suggests The moon ESA's lunar lander on a simulated moon | Space photo of the day for Oct. 27, 2025 Solein, a protein developed by Finnish company Solar Foods, could become a key food source for astronauts on long-duration missions to the moon, Mars, and beyond. (Image credit: Solar Foods) While space agencies have their eyes set on astronaut missions to the moon, Mars and beyond, there are quite a few hurdles in the way — and one of the biggest is food.As it stands, food is produced on Earth, then transported to the International Space Station (ISS). While that's feasible for missions in low Earth orbit, it's impractical (costly at best, and technically unfeasible at worst) for more distant destinations.So the European Space Agency (ESA) has launched project HOBI-WAN ("Hydrogen Oxidizing Bacteria In Weightlessness As a source of Nutrition"), part of the its Terrae Novae Exploration Programme, to test a powdered protein called Solein that can be manufactured in space with very few resources. You may like Was it cooked in space? A space food-themed quiz! Microbes essential for human health can survive the stress of spaceflight. That's great news for astronauts How magnets could help astronauts explore the moon and Mars "This project aims at developing a key resource which will allow us to improve human spaceflight's autonomy, resilience and also the well-being of our astronauts," Angelique Van Ombergen, ESA's chief exploration scientist, said in a statement. "For human beings to be able to implement long-duration missions on the moon, or even one day to go to Mars, will require innovative and sustainable solutions to be able to survive with limited supplies."Solein could be one such solution. It's a highly versatile powdered protein from Finnish food technology company Solar Foods that's made from microbes, air and electricity, via a gas fermentation process.While Solar Foods has demonstrated the technology on Earth, slightly different techniques will need to be used in space. For instance, on Earth, ammonia serves as a nitrogen source for protein synthesis. But in space, the source would be urea — an organic compound found in urine.Over the next eight months, Solar Foods will work with prime contractor OHB System AG on the ground to develop the technology necessary to test Solein production in space. If successful, Solein production would then be tested aboard the ISS.Get the Space.com NewsletterBreaking space news, the latest updates on rocket launches, skywatching events and more!Contact me with news and offers from other Future brandsReceive email from us on behalf of our trusted partners or sponsors"The aim of the project is to confirm that our organism grows in the space environment as it does on the ground, and to develop the fundamentals of gas fermentation technology to be used in space — something that has never been done before in the history of humankind," Arttu Luukanen, senior vice president of space and defence at Solar Foods, said in a statement."The behavior of gases and liquids in microgravity is vastly different due to lack of buoyancy, which can drastically affect the transport of nutrients and gases for Solein microbes," Luukanen added. Stefanie WaldekContributing writerSpace.com contributing writer Stefanie Waldek is a self-taught space nerd and aviation geek who is passionate about all things spaceflight and astronomy. With a background in travel and design journalism, as well as a Bachelor of Arts degree from New York University, she specializes in the budding space tourism industry and Earth-based astrotourism. In her free time, you can find her watching rocket launches or looking up at the stars, wondering what is out there. Learn more about her work at www.stefaniewaldek.com. You must confirm your public display name before commenting Please logout and then login again, you will then be prompted to enter your display name. Logout Read more Was it cooked in space? A space food-themed quiz! Microbes essential for human health can survive the stress of spaceflight. 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Europe wants to make space food out of thin air and astronaut pee